Review

Rev Diabet Stud, 2013, 10(2-3):121-132

DOI 10.1900/RDS.2013.10.121

Dyslipidemia and Diabetic Retinopathy

Yo-Chen Chang¹, Wen-Chuan Wu²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
²Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Address correspondence to: Wen-Chuan Wu, Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Zihyou 1st Rd., San-Ming District, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, e-mail: wcwu.oph@gmail.com

Manuscript submitted May 28, 2013; resubmitted June 23, 2013; accepted June 28, 2013.

Keywords: type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes. In developed countries, it is the most common cause of preventable blindness in diabetic adults. Dyslipidemia, a major systemic disorder, is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of suffering from dyslipidemia concurrently. The aim of this article is to review the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and traditional/nontraditional lipid markers, possible mechanisms involving lipid metabolism and diabetic retinopathy, and the effect of lipid-lowering therapies on diabetic retinopathy. For traditional lipid markers, evidence is available that total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with the presence of hard exudates in patients with DR. The study of nontraditional lipid markers is advancing only in recently years. The severity of DR is inversely associated with apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), whereas ApoB and the ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio are positively associated with DR. The role of lipid-lowering medication is to work as adjunctive therapy for better control of diabetes-related complications including DR.

Fulltext: HTML , PDF (146KB)

This article has been cited by other articles:

	ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain PUFAs and their enzymatic metabolites in neovascular eye diseases Gong Y, Fu Z, Liegl R, Chen J, Hellström A, Smith LE Am J Clin Nutr 2017. In press

	Evaluation of kidney function and risk factors of retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus people in South Africa Ganjifrockwala FA, Joseph JT, George G Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017. 127:218-223

	Visual and Morphologic Outcomes in Eyes with Hard Exudate in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials Daniel E, Grunwald JE, Kim BJ, Maguire MG, Jaffe GJ, Toth CA, Ferris FL Ophthalmol Retina 2017. 1(1):25-33

	A study on relationship between severity of diabetic retinopathy and subclinical hypothyroidism Borooah M, Phukan S Int J Res Med Sci 2017. 5(5):1818-1822

	Serum total superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy in Mthatha region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa Ganjifrockwala FA, Joseph JT, George G Biomed Res 2017. In press

	Review: adiponectin in retinopathy Fu Z, Gong Y, Löfqvist C, Hellström A, Smith LE Biochim Biophys Acta 2016. 1862(8):1392-1400

	Serum Oxidized LDL Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy in Mthatha Region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa Ganjifrockwala F, Joseph J, George G Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016. 2016:2063103

	Correlations between serum vaspin and type 2 diabetic retinopathy Cheng J, Qi J, Liang J Biomed Res 2016. In press

	Influence of Age at Diagnosis and Time-Dependent Risk Factors on the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Forga L, Goni MJ, Ibanez B, Cambra K, Garcia-Mouriz M, Iriarte A J Diabetes Res 2016. 2016:9898309

	Prevalence and risk factors associated with retinopathy in diabetic patients at Parirenyatwa Hospital outpatients' clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe Machingura PI, Macheka B, Mukona M, Mateveke K, Okwanga PN, Gomo E Arch Med Biomed Res 2016. 3(2):104-111

	Current concepts regarding developmental mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy in Taiwan Chen SY, Hsu YM, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin WD, Liao WL, Chen YT, Lin WY, Liu YH, Yang JS, Sheu JC, Tsai FJ Biomedicine (Taipei) 2016. 6(2):7

	The glutathione reductase ( GSR ) polymorphisms (rs1002149 and rs8191009) and diabetic retinopathy in Slovenian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus Cilensek I, Ramus SM, Petrovic MG, Petrovic D Biomed Genet Genom 2016. 1(1):1-5

	A lipidomic screen of hyperglycemia-treated HRECs links 12/15-Lipoxygenase to microvascular dysfunction during diabetic retinopathy via NADPH oxidase Ibrahim AS, Elshafey S, Sellak H, Hussein KA, El-Sherbiny M, Abdelsaid M, Rizk N, Beasley S, Tawfik AM, Smith SB, Al-Shabrawey M J Lipid Res 2015. 56(3):599-611

	Cross Talk between Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy Crosby-Nwaobi R, Chatziralli I, Sergentanis T, Dew T, Forbes A, Sivaprasad S J Diabetes Res 2015. 2015:191382

	Retinopathy is a Strong Determinant of Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes: Correlation with Carotid Intima Media Thickness Saif A, Karawya S, Abdelhamid A Endocr Pract 2015. 21(3):226-230

	Serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy Qing S, Yuan S, Yun C, Hui H, Mao P, Wen F, Ding Y, Liu Q Cell Physiol Biochem 2014. 34(5):1733-1740

	Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Its Association to Diabetic Retinopathy in a Malaysian Tertiary Hospital Samsudin IN, Saleh RM, Thambiah SC, Hamzah AS, Khalik WF, George E Malay J Med Health Sci 2014. 10(2):47-51

	Renoprotective effect of atorvastatin on STZ-diabetic rats through attenuating kidney-associated dysmetabolism Zhou S, Zhao P, Li Y, Deng T, Tian L, Li H Eur J Pharmacol 2014. 740:9-14