Novel biomarkers in T1D

Yulan Jinand, Jin-Xiong She

Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

Abstract

Biomarkers are useful for type 1diabetes (T1D) for a number of purposes including elucidation of disease pathogenesis, risk prediction and therapeutic monitoring. Susceptibility genes and islet autoantibodies are currently the most useful biomarkers for T1D risk prediction. However, these currently available biomarkers do not fully meet the need for several reasons including imperfect predictive value, relative late appearance and not being useful for assessing therapeutic outcomes. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the discovery of novel T1D biomarkers in the last three decades. The high throughput omic technologies have provided great opportunities for systematic discovery of biomarkers. In this review, we will focus on progress, opportunities, challenges and future directions in the discovery and validation of T1D biomarkers using genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies.