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Rev Diabet Stud, 2010, 7(2):168-182 DOI 10.1900/RDS.2010.7.168

Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Islet-Like Cell Clusters Generated From These Cells as a Novel Source for Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes

Sachin Kadam1, Sudhakar Muthyala2, Prabha Nair2, Ramesh Bhonde3

1National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, MS, India
2Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, BMT Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
3Stempeutics Research Malaysia SDN BHD ,Technology Park Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Address correspondence to: Ramesh Bhonde, e-mail: rrbhonde@gmail.com

Keywords: human placenta-derived stem cell, diabetes, mesenchymal stem cell, transplant, beta-cell, islet, differentiation, macrocapsule, immunoisolation

Abstract

Placental tissue holds great promise as a source of cells for regenerative medicine due to its plasticity, and easy availability. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. Upon transplantation, they can reverse experimental diabetes in mice. However, it is not known whether culture-expanded undifferentiated hPDMSCs are capable of restoring normoglycemia upon transplantation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Hence we prepared long-term cultures of hPDMSCs from the chorionic villi of full-term human placenta. Flow cytometry analyses and immunocytochemistry study revealed bonafide mesenchymal nature of the isolated hPDMSCs. These cultures could differentiate into adipogenic, oesteogenic, chondrogenic, and neuronal lineages on exposure to lineage-specific cocktails. Furthermore, we showed that hPDMSCs can form islet-like cell clusters (ILCs) on stepwise exposure to serum-free defined media containing specific growth factors and differentiating agents. qRT-PCR showed the expression of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in undifferentiated hPDMSCs and in ILCs. Differentiated ILCs were found to express human insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin by immunocytochemistry. Additionally, ILCs also showed abundance of pancreatic transcription factors ngn3 and isl1. Both undifferentiated hPDMSCs and ILCs exihibited insulin secretion in response to glucose. Transplantation of hPDMSCs or ILCs derived from hPDMSCs in STZ-induced diabetic mice led to restoration of normoglycemia. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, reversal of hyperglycemia by undifferentiated hPDMSCs and ILCs derived from hPDMSCs. These results suggest human placenta-derived MSCs as an alternative source for cell replacement therapy in diabetes.

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