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Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

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Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation

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Review

Rev Diabet Stud, 2010, 7(2):144-157

DOI 10.1900/RDS.2010.7.144

Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Carmen Fotino¹, Camillo Ricordi¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Vincenzo Lauriola¹, Rodolfo Alejandro¹^,³, Antonello Pileggi¹^,²

¹Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
²DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
³Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Address correspondence to: Antonello Pileggi, e-mail: apileggi@med.miami.edu

Keywords: bone marrow-derived stem cell, diabetes, mesenchymal stem cell, transplant, islet transplantation, beta-cell replacement, chimerism, clinical trial, tolerance

Abstract

The bone marrow is an invaluable source of adult pluripotent stem cells, as it gives rise to hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal cells, amongst others. The use of bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMC) transplantation (BMT) may be of assistance in achieving tissue repair and regeneration, as well as in modulating immune responses in the context of autoimmunity and transplantation. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the effects of BMC to preserve functional beta-cell mass in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and to favor engraftment and survival of transplanted islets. Additional trials are evaluating the impact of BMT (i.e., mesenchymal stem cells) on the progression of diabetes complications. This article reviews the progress in the field of BMC for the treatment of subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes, and summarizes clinical data of pilot studies performed over the last two decades at our research center by combining allogeneic islet transplantation with donor-specific BMC.

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